Physical fitness predicts adiposity longitudinal changes over childhood and adolescence.

OBJECTIVES The purpose of this study was to examine the influence of physical fitness (PF) on the development of subcutaneous adipose tissue in children followed longitudinally over a 9 year period ranging from childhood to adolescence. DESIGN This longitudinal study followed 518 healthy participants (262 boys, 256 girls) over a 9-year period ranging from childhood (age 6) to adolescence (age 15). Adiposity (triceps and subscapular skinfolds), and fitness (60s sit-ups, flexed arm hang, standing long jump, 50m dash, 10m shuttle run, sit-and-reach, and 20m pacer run) were assessed at four annual time points during primary school, and on a follow up, 6 years later, during secondary school. METHODS Growth in subcutaneous fat was modeled within a HLM statistical framework, using fitness components as time changing predictors. RESULTS Flexed arm hang (β=-0.059; p=0.000), standing long jump (β=-0.072; p=0.000), 60s sit-ups (β=-0.041; p=0.040), 50m dash (β=0.956; p=0.000), and 20m PACER (β=-0.077; p=0.000) tests, were found to predict changes on body fat growth over the years, independently of sex. CONCLUSIONS Improving PF individual levels can positively influence adiposity deposition over the time period covering childhood and adolescence. That occurs independently of the typical sex differentiated adiposity growth.